Academic Research

Scholarly insights and archaeological discoveries.

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Homo floresiensis

Homo floresiensis: What the “Hobbit” Reveals About Human Evolution

10 hours agoBy Caiden Pannell

Homo floresiensis—nicknamed the ‘Hobbit’—was small-bodied, small-brained, fully upright, and tool-using on Flores. Island life shaped their bodies, behavior, and survival.

Neolithic Malta’s Astronomical Alignments

Neolithic Malta’s Astronomical Alignments: A New View

4 days agoBy Caiden Pannell

Malta’s Neolithic temples do measurable work with the sun. From Mnajdra’s equinox beam and solstice edge-light to a wider south–south-east orientation trend, this essay…

Map of major overland and maritime Silk Road routes

Silk Road Botanical Trade: How Ancient Flora Spread

6 days agoBy Caiden Pannell

Follow the seeds. Archaeobotany shows how millets, wheat, barley, fruits, rice and cotton moved along mountain corridors and oases to shape cuisines across Eurasia.

Who Owns History

Colonialism, Nationalism, and Ancient History: Who Owns the Past?

16/08By Caiden Pannell

Who owns the past? Explore how law, heritage, and ethics shape today’s debates over ancient objects, museums, and cultural identity.

From Myth to History

From Myth to History: How Scholars Separate Legend from Reality — 2025 Evidence-Based Guide

16/08By Caiden Pannell

An academic guide to moving from myth to history: how scholars test legends with sources, archaeology, inscriptions, and science—without flattening meaning.

Presentism in Ancient History: How Modern Bias Distorts the Past

Presentism in Ancient History (2025): How Modern Bias Distorts the Past

16/08By Caiden Pannell

What presentism is, how it distorts ancient evidence, and a clear method to reduce modern bias while keeping arguments relevant.

Reconstruction of a Neanderthal forager selecting medicinal plants in a river valley

Neanderthal Medicine Rediscovered: Testing 50,000-Year-Old Plants

09/08By Caiden Pannell

Dental plaque, tool residues, and cave sediments suggest Neanderthals used medicinal plants around 50,000 years ago. Modern researchers are testing those species for antimicrobial…

Aerial view of Göbekli Tepe’s main excavation area with circular enclosures.

Göbekli Tepe 2025: Biomolecular Clues to a Neolithic Ritual World

09/08By Caiden Pannell

2025’s biomolecular work at and around Göbekli Tepe—sediment DNA, residue chemistry and collagen fingerprints—tightens the case for structured ritual woven into everyday practice.

Interior view of the Pantheon dome with oculus and coffers.

Roman Concrete’s Climate Solution: Ancient Mixes for Lower-Carbon Building

09/08By Caiden Pannell

Roman pozzolanic concretes swapped high-clinker binders for ash and lime and built for longevity. Updated for modern specs, the same approach lowers today’s construction…

AI Breakthrough in Deciphering Linear A: 2025 Minoan Language Insights

AI Breakthrough in Deciphering Linear A: 2025 Minoan Language Insights

09/08By Caiden Pannell

A 2025 project combining AI with archaeology has brought Linear A closer to decipherment than ever before, offering fresh insight into the Minoan world.

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Academic Research — Archaeology & Scholarship | Spoken Past