Latest Articles

Fresh entries from across the site, presented with a clear lead story and supporting reads.

Ancient Trade Routes

Ancient Trade Routes: Networks That Shaped the World

14/08By Caiden Pannell

Ancient History is a handbook of solutions. From Ice Age camps to imperial capitals, people learned to feed crowds, share water, count fairly, and…

Ancient History

Ancient History: A Practical Guide to the World We Inherited

14/08By Caiden Pannell

A hub for Ancient History. Explore cities, writing, law, trade, religion, technology, and the everyday work that built civilisations. Evidence first, tidy myths last.

Rongorongo tablet C (Mamari), side a, with 21 lines of glyphs

Rongorongo: Why Deciphering Easter Island’s Script Keeps Failing

10/08By Caiden Pannell

The rongorongo tablets of Easter Island have resisted decipherment for 150 years. Here’s how the attempts failed—and what the boards still reveal about a…

The Bandiagara escarpment in Mali with Dogon villages and granaries along the cliff base

The Dogon Sirius Mystery: What Did They Really Know?

10/08By Caiden Pannell

The Dogon of Mali live along the Bandiagara cliff with strong ritual and craft traditions. A popular claim says they knew about Sirius’s hidden…

Dense network of cart ruts carved into limestone at Misraħ Għar il-Kbir

Malta’s Cart Ruts: Prehistoric Parallel Grooves That Puzzle Archaeologists

10/08By Caiden Pannell

Twin rock-cut grooves run over Malta and Gozo in dense fields and single tracks. See the best sites, learn the rival ideas for how…

Double living root bridge in the East Khasi Hills, Meghalaya

Meghalaya’s Living Root Bridges: Ancient Engineering That Grows Stronger

10/08By Caiden Pannell

In the Khasi and Jaintia hills of Meghalaya, people train the aerial roots of rubber fig trees into bridges that get stronger over time.…

Siege of Lachish relief from Sennacherib’s palace showing rams, archers, and captives

Assyrian Psychological Warfare: Brutal Mind Games of the First Empire

10/08By Caiden Pannell

The Neo-Assyrian Empire perfected psychological warfare: siege theatre, public cruelty, deportations, and royal boasts carved in stone—mind games that held a continent together.

Aerial view of Masada’s western face with the Roman assault ramp

The Siege of Masada: New Archaeological Evidence Contradicts Josephus’ Account

10/08By Caiden Pannell

Archaeology at Masada points to a fast Roman siege and a messy end, not a choreographed mass suicide. Here is how the ramp, camps,…

Hannibal’s column with elephants near the Rhône, painted by Henri-Paul Motte.

Hannibal’s War Elephants: Species, Training, and Battlefield Reality

10/08By Caiden Pannell

Hannibal’s elephants were not mythic beasts: they were specific animals, trained with care and supplied with discipline. Here’s what we actually know about their…

Battle of Teutoburg Forest

Teutoburg Forest: How Weather Helped Arminius Defeat Rome

10/08By Caiden Pannell

In AD 9, rain, wind, and mud turned the Teutoburg Forest into a trap. Arminius timed his ambush to the storm, and three Roman…

Han bronze mirror with square game-board layout and four beasts.

Chinese Bronze Mirrors: Han-Era “Transparent” Backings Explained

10/08By Caiden Pannell

Han dynasty bronze mirrors look simple until bright light reveals a hidden map in the reflection. Here’s how workshops cast, finished, and polished them…

Coloured reconstruction of the Parthenon’s pediment, based on historical drawings.

Parthenon’s Lost Colours: Digital Rebuild Shows Bold Original

10/08By Caiden Pannell

The Parthenon was never just white. Scientific imaging and careful 3D reconstructions show strong blues and reds across mouldings and sculpture, restoring the temple’s…

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